This bulletin examines international perspectives on the normalization of relations with the Israeli occupying state reveal a complex and often contradictory landscape. While some governments, such as the United States and members of the Arab League, have pursued formal agreements like the 2020 Abraham Accords without conditioning them on the realisation of Palestinian self-determination., others continue to insist on adherence to international law and the protection of Palestinian rights. Countries and blocs including South Africa, Russia, China, and the Non-Aligned Movement maintain that normalisation must not come at the expense of justice and accountability.
Since the escalation of violence in October 2023, numerous governments have issued statements advocating for humanitarian ceasefires and the revival of a two-state framework. However, these rhetorical commitments have frequently been accompanied by policies that prioritize Israeli security narratives and interests, often at odds with meaningful support for Palestinian sovereignty.
This bulletin examines the historical and current positions of key international actors, the forms and mechanisms of engagement they employ, and any shifts in policy observed since October 2023. It concludes with an assessment of the implications for Palestinians and a set of advocacy recommendations grounded in international legal frameworks.
