This is our second Quarterly Bulletin on “Normalisation.” This bulletin explores the evolving dynamics of normalisation agreements between some regional Arab states and the occupying state of Israel, focusing on the economic, political, and social implications for the region and the Palestinian cause. It examines the transformation of the geopolitical landscape following the Accords, including the Camp David Accords (1978), the Declaration of Principles and Oslo Accords (1993,1994), and the Abraham Accords (2020). While these agreements have facilitated trade, investment, and energy cooperation, they have also raised concerns about economic dependency, political fragmentation, the marginalisation of Palestinian rights and most importantly the sidelining of resolving the Palestinian issue through failing to meet the conditions outlined by the Arab Peace Initiative. The API conditioned normalization of relations between the Arab States and Israel upon complete withdrawal of Israeli occupying forces from all territories occupied since 1967 and the establishment of an independent and sovereign Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its Capital, and a resolution of the refugee issue.
The bulletin analyses and sheds light on how the normalisation process in addition to sidelining resolving the Palestinian issue has fragmented Arab solidarity, with countries such as Lebanon, Syria, and Algeria opposing these accords and facing economic isolation. It highlights the risks of growing reliance on Israeli technology and foreign investment, especially for smaller, economically fragile states. The future of normalisation is being questioned, with ongoing public opposition and the Palestinian struggle for sovereignty continuing to challenge the long-term viability of these agreements. This analysis underscores the need for inclusive economic development, political autonomy, and the need to meet conditions of the Arab Peace Initiative.
